Pedro Castillo
| peter castle | ||
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.png "Biography of Pedro Castillo | Peru | Twitter | President 2022 | Pronunciation | Height | Hat | Noticias in 2022") | ||
| Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru Currently in office | ||
| From July 28, 2021 | ||
| Prime Minister | Guido Bellido (2021) Mirtha Vásquez (2021-2022) Héctor Valer (2022) AnÃbal Torres (since 2022) | |
| Cabinet | Cabinet of Pedro Castillo | |
| Vice President | Dina Boluarte | |
| Predecessor | Francis Sagasti | |
| Personal information | ||
| Full name | Jose Pedro Castillo Terrones | |
| Birth | Died October 19, 1969 (age 52) Puña ( Cajamarca , Peru ) | |
| Nationality | Peruvian | |
| Religion | Catholicism | |
| Mother tongue | Spanish | |
| Family | ||
| Parents | Ireno Castillo Nunez Mavila Terrones Guevara | |
| Spouse | Lilia Paredes (since 2000) | |
| Sons | 2 to | |
| Education | ||
| educated in |
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| Professional information | ||
| Occupation | Politician, teacher, patrolman, union leader | |
| Politic party |
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| distinctions |
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| Grades | ||
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José Pedro Castillo Terrones is a Peruvian politician, teacher, patrolman, and trade
union leader. He is the
current president of the
Republic of Peru, a position he has held since July 28, 2021.
During his youth, he was a patrolman and became a national leader
of the Peruvian teachers. As a primary school teacher
and president of the Fighting Committee of the regional bases of the Single Union of Education Workers of Peru (Sutep), he became known nationally for
being the main leader in the 2017 teachers' strike.
In politics, he was a member of the Cajamarca regional committee of Peru Possible, a party for which he unsuccessfully ran for mayor of AnguÃa, in 2002.
In 2021, he ran for the presidency of the republic for the Peru Libre political party. She won first place in the first round with 18.92% of the votes and surpassed the leader of Fuerza Popular, Keiko Fujimori, with 50.13% of the votes.
Personal life
Early years and
education
He was born in the town of Puña, Tacabamba district, Chota province in
the Cajamarca region. He is the third
of nine siblings, sons of Ireño Castillo Núñez and Mavila Terrones Guevara,
illiterate farmers. His father was born on a hacienda
belonging to the Herreras, a family of landowners from the Sierra de
Cajamarca. He worked on these lands for which he paid rent to their owners
until June 1969. When the Revolutionary
Government of the Armed Forces of
General Juan Velasco Alvarado carried out the Peruvian agrarian reform.
During his childhood, Castillo often had to balance his education with farm work at home. He attended his first studies, from first to third grade, at Rural School No. 10465 in Puña. He completed his basic education at the neighboring rural school No. 10475 in the Chugur village in the AnguÃa district, in the same Chota province. His high school studies were carried out at the Colegio Arturo Osores Cabrera.
During his adolescence and youth, Castillo traveled throughout Peru to obtain funds for his studies. From the age of twelve, each year he and his father would walk one hundred and forty kilometers (eighty-seven miles) to carry out seasonal work in the coffee plantations of the PeruvianAmazon. To pay for his studies, Castillo sold ice cream and newspapers and cleaned hotel rooms in Lima. He was also a patrolman for a peasant organization in Puña. The peasant rounds emerged in Chota in 1976, as community self-defense organizations against cattle rustling and crime. Later, in the late 1980s, as self-defense committees against the Shining Path and MRTA terrorist groups during the time of terrorism in Peru.
He studied at the Octavio Matta Contreras Higher Pedagogical Institute in the province of Cutervo and has a bachelor's degree in Education from the César Vallejo University. He also obtained a master's degree in Educational Psychology. He had previously worked as a primary school teacher since 1995, having worked at the Primary Educational Institution No. 10465 located in Puña, Tacabamba.
In addition to teaching, he was responsible for cooking for his students and cleaning his classroom. According to Castillo, the community built the school after receiving no government assistance.
family and religion
He married 2000 the teacher Lilia Ulcida Paredes Navarro, his partner since adolescence. With whom he has two natural children: Arnold and Alondra, and a putative daughter, Yenifer, who is Lilia's younger sister, but when her mother died, she was raised as another daughter by the couple. His family lived in a nine-room house in the Chugur district, tending a farm with cows, pigs, corn, and potatoes. Castillo often wears a straw hat called a "Chotano", a poncho, and sandals made from old tires.
He is a regular participant in the festival of AnguÃa, where he is a devotee of the Virgen de los Dolores. A few years ago, influenced by his
wife's family background, he joined the Evangelical Nazarene
Church. Later he returned to
the Catholic traditions.
Activism
Castillo has been a leader of the organization of peasant patrols and a district, provincial, regional, and national leader of the Peruvian teachers, for more than two decades in Puña, province of Chota. He was elected president of the Struggle Committee of the regional bases of the Single Union of Education Workers of Peru (Sutep). he would be secretary-general of the National Federation of Workers in Education of Peru (Fenatep).
2017 Teacher strike
Teacher protest in Iquitos, August 10, 2017.
Castillo was a teacher leader during the 2017 strike, which
sought an increase in remuneration, the payment of the social debt, the repeal
of the Law on the Public Teaching Career, and an increase in the budget in the
Education sector.
The strikes spread to various parts of the south of the country and because it was dragging on, the Minister of Education Marilú Martens, the president of the Council of Ministers Fernando Zavala, the twenty-five regional governors, and the Regional Directorate of Lima were called. Despite reaching an agreement, the strike continued.
President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski offered himself as a mediator, inviting the teachers' delegates to meet with him at the Government Palace; only the leaders of the CEN were received, together with the leaders of Cusco, but not the representatives of the bases led by Pedro Castillo, whom the Minister of the Interior Carlos BasombrÃo Iglesias insisted on relating to the Movement for Amnesty and Fundamental Rights (Movadef), which Castillo denied, arguing that he was a patrolman in his native Cajamarca, that is, he had belonged to the peasant organization that fought the Shining Path terrorist group.
Due to this rejection, the strike intensified even more, with the arrival in the capital of the striking teachers from different parts of the country, who carried out marches in the city and concentrations in the Plaza San MartÃn.
In August 2017, Interior Minister Carlos BasombrÃo presented a report to the Peruvian Congress entitled "Movadef's infiltration of some teachers' leadership," which contained photographs and records prepared by the Anti-Terrorism Directorate (Dircote) in the which Castillo is seen together with people linked to the National Committee for the Reorientation of Sutep (Conare-Sutep), according to the police, related to Movadef, a civilian branch of the Shining Path terrorist group.
In addition, it is noted that in that month, the public
prosecutor's office of the Ministry
ofHe asked the
prosecutor's office to initiate a preliminary investigation against the alleged
criminal organization Los Protestants del Sur, which according to BasombrÃo
"would be operating and deploying its criminal activities." Despite this, Castillo denied being involved
with Movadef or Compare and said that if any entity placed Movadef teachers in
schools it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, statements linking Castillo to said
groups have been refuted by Castillo himself and the
mainstream media. The Guardian described the links to the Shining Path
as "incorrect", while the Associated PressHe
said that the Peruvian media's accusations of links to the Shining Path were
"unfounded." The Economist noted that at the same time that Castillo allegedly worked with groups
linked to the Shining Path, he also associated with right-wing legislators
from Fuerza Popular, Keiko Fujimori's
party, in the same capacity.
On August 24, 2017, even though some teachers were
still on strike, the Government published a supreme decree making
the benefits agreed upon in the negotiations official. And teachers were warned that if they did not return to
classrooms after August 28, substitutes would be hired.
On September 2, Castillo announced the suspension of the strike but clarified that it would only be a temporary suspension and that they would
return to the fight if deemed necessary. However, for Ernesto Meza Tica, who promoted the strike in
Cusco, and Narda Silva Sánchez, a leader in Cajamarca, Castillo sabotaged the
strike by order of Conare.
Presidential candidacy
Background
In the year 2002, he ran for mayor of AnguÃa for the Peru Possible political party, without
success.
He was a member of the Cajamarca committee of Peru Possible,
from 2005 to 2017, when his registration was canceled.
After his leadership during the 2017 teachers' strike, numerous
political parties in Peru approached Castillo to invite him to run for
Congress. Although he refused and decided to run for president after being
encouraged by the unions.
First-round
Castillo at a rally in La
Victoria, Lima.
In October 2020, his candidacy for the presidency of the republic was confirmed in the 2021 Peruvian general elections, for the Peru Libre party. Along with Dina Boluarte and the former regional governor of JunÃn Vladimir Cerrón. Later Cerrón was disqualified by the National Elections Jury, for serving a prison sentence for corruption in 2019. During a party activity in Huancayo, it was revealed that he tested positive for COVID-19.
Castillo launched himself as a presidential candidate in mid-2020 and promised that, if elected president of Peru, he would change the 1993 Political Constitution. By convening a constituent assembly. For the Peruvian State to have much more participation in the Peruvian economy, and promote an "educational revolution" to improve the quality of public education.
He also declared that he would deactivate the Constitutional Court if it opposed the constitutional reform, because, in his words, the magistrates defend "a Constitution that has ended all rights and the looting of the country." Likewise, he mentioned that he would deactivate the Ombudsman's Office, although he later stated that he did not want to deactivate it but to reinforce it "for the benefit of the most vulnerable." Similarly, he proposed to ban imports of products produced in the country.
This proposal was criticized by some politicians and analysts. For example, former minister Edgar Vásquez commented that the approach had already been applied in Peru in the 1970s and indicated: "What happens is that when one prohibits imports, it generates product shortages, price increases, product quality reduction and, paradoxically, what the candidate Castillo wants to confront, he generates monopolies». For his part, the analyst Franco Olcese, considered the initiative as a "quite negative message for consumers". Likewise, he asserted in April 2021 that, if elected, he would grant the presidential pardon to Antauro Humala, an ethno-cacerist who was sentenced to nineteen years in prison after leading the capture of a police station inAndahuaylas, which resulted in the deaths of four policemen and one gunman.
Castillo indicated that he has worked on a government plan that differs from the one delivered to the JNE.
In addition, he stated that he will govern for five years and not Vladimir Cerrón. But in an interview on RPP, he contradicted himself and assured that he will follow the government plan presented in the first round. He assured when asked if he would be willing to sign a document to commit to respecting his mandate, that he downplayed the importance of signing "little pieces of paper."
At the end of his first campaign before the general elections,
Castillo closed his campaign in downtown Lima,
beginning with a rally in Plaza
San MartÃn and ending with
a horseback ride to Plaza Dos de Mayo where hundreds of people gathered. supporters. At the event, he told attendees that if elected, citizens
would monitor his policies, that he would only receive a teacher's salary, and
that he would seek to halve the salaries of congressmen and ministers.
Castillo obtained 19% of the votes in the first round, placing him in first place among the eighteen candidates for the presidency. Following Castillo's surprising success, the stock market in Peru fell 3.2% and the Peruvian currency, the Peruvian sol, saw its value drop 1.7%, its biggest loss since December 2017 when the first presidential vacancy process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski took place.
The former president of Bolivia, Evo Morales, congratulated Castillo, affirming that "he won with our
proposal" and at the same time, commented that he had spoken with him on
the phone before. The former president of Uruguay José Mujica also shared the approval of Castillo's
success in the first round of the elections.
Second round
On the way to the second electoral round, he claimed to have started his electoral campaign immediately and ruled out signing any agreement as a "road map", similar to what Ollanta Humala did for the 2011 elections, to moderate his speech and his campaign proposals, assuring that it would be against his principles.
Ballot paper for the second round of
the presidential elections.
In April 2021, Yeni Vilcatoma, a former congressman from the Fujimori Popular Force party, filed a complaint against Castillo before the Public Ministry for false statement in an administrative process, generic falsehood, and ideological falsehood, for which the prosecution opened a preliminary investigation, all within of the campaign context of the second electoral round.
According to Public Records, Castillo founded a company called Consorcio Chotano de Inversionistas Emprendedores JOP SAC, which he did not mention in his resume presented to the JNE. Before the complaint, Castillo assured that he did not consign the company because he did not remember it because he never operated, but despite this, it is indicated that he invested eighteen thousand soles.
This was made public after the complaint
made by the journalist and columnist Alfredo Vignolo, who later denounced that he received death threats through social networks by supporters of Castillo.
During the campaign, Peru Libre denounced that Castillo received anonymous death threats. To this was added that the former candidate Rafael López Aliaga, at the end of a demonstration against Castillo's candidacy, issued death threats against the secretary of the Peru Libre party, Vladimir Cerrón, and Castillo himself.
On May 18, Castillo presented in the Lima district of Puente Piedra the technical team for the coordination of his possible government, among which are the lawyers Dina Boluarte (vice-presidential candidate), Ricardo López Risso and Julián PalacÃn, the sociologist Anahà Durand, the engineer Juan Pari, the doctor Hernando Cevallos, the economists Celeste Rosas Muñoz, Andrés Alencastre and Rolando Vela, the nuclear physicists Modesto Montoya and Rolando Páucar, the linguist Nila Vigil, the epidemiologist Antonio Quispe, the teachers Carlos Gallardo Gómez, Marco Valera and Juan Raúl Cadillo León, as well as the former Supreme ProsecutorAvelino Guillen.
Likewise, after visiting his Farvet laboratories, in Chincha, Pedro Castillo would confirm the addition of veterinarian Manolo Fernández to his technical team, in addition, this information was sent in a press release, however, hours later In communication with Canal N, he denied it and stated on the RPP radio station that he was upset by a false photo where he appears during a Castillo rally.
On June 2, 2021, the Financial Times compared his leadership style, not to those seen in Cuba or Venezuela but suggested that his governing style would be more similar to that seen in Bolivia during the government of Evo Morales. The Financial Times also reported on capital flight from the wealthiest individuals and companies, although those allegations were not immediately confirmed. The New York Times reported his victory as the "clearest repudiation of the country's establishment".
The 100% results of the second electoral round were published by the National Office of Electoral Processes on Tuesday, June 15, 2021. Castillo, with 50,125%, surpassed Fujimori who obtained 49,875% of valid votes. However, due to the requests for annulment of the acts presented by both political organizations, the electoral authorities could not declare either of the two candidates as the winner. After proclaiming himself president-elect on his Twitter account, Castillo met with various agrarian unions, representatives of political and civil organizations, members of the Association of Municipalities of Peru, deans of the Medical College, and even with the ambassador of the People's Republic of China in Peru.
Finally, on July 19, 2021, the National Elections Jury, after declaring the nullity requests inadmissible, signed the act of proclamation of the candidate. Presidency of the Republic
After being the winner of the general elections, Castillo assumed the presidency of Peru on July 28, 2021, in the Congress of the Republic. The next day, he
was symbolically sworn in at Pampa de la Quinua, in Ayacucho, and presented his first ministerial cabinet,
presided over by Guido Bellido.
Several ministers began to be questioned for their
"inexperience", "not having the right profile for the position
they held" and for alleged links with extremist groups and terrorist organizations. This intensified the relationship with the opposition in
the Legislative Branch, which urged President Castillo to make
changes in his cabinet so that he would be granted a vote of confidence.
The first minister to resign was Héctor Béjar, who resigned from his position as chancellor after some controversial statements of his came to light, in which he accused the Navy of being responsible for terrorist activity in the past, provoking protests against him. After his resignation, Castillo appointed Óscar Maúrtua as the new Minister of Foreign Affairs. This was not well received by the Free Peru party and its secretary-general, Vladimir Cerrón, who said that Maúrtua does not represent the feelings of his party.
Despite the controversy, the Bellido cabinet received
a vote of confidence from Congress with 73 votes in favor, 50 against, and zero
abstentions.
Bellido finally submitted his resignation in October 2021 at the
request of Castillo, after 69 days in office.
Castillo restructured his cabinet by appointing the lawyer,
human rights activist, and former president of Congress, Mirtha Vásquez, as president of the Council of Ministers. The cabinet had seven changes and went from having two to
five women. Vásquez appeared before Parliament on
October 25, 2021, to present the general policy of the Government and request
a vote of confidence. However, the
debate was postponed until November 4, due to the death of Congressman Fernando Herrera, from Peru Libre.
One day before the debate and voting resumed, the Minister of the Interior, Luis Barranzuela, resigned after being accused of organizing a party for the Day of the Creole Song in his home despite the restrictions imposed by his own ministry. Avelino Guillén swore in his replacement. Despite this, the Vásquez cabinet obtained the vote of confidence with sixty-eight votes in favor, fifty-six against, and one abstention; this evidenced a break in the bench, 16 of the 37 congressmen of Peru Libre voted against.
Ideology
He is a socialist, populist, and conservative in social aspects, and an ultra-conservative sector of the press qualifies him as extremely left for accepting principles of Marxism-Leninism declared in the ideology of the Peru Libre party, although he defines himself as progressive and not Marxist. Although he maintains leftist values on public spending and foreign policy, his social policy is conservative.
He has been against the gender approach in the school curriculum of students, the legalization of abortion, euthanasia, and same-sex marriage.
We must defend the family at school. To think of anything else is to break the family. As teachers, we respect the values of the family and we must deepen them. We have to go back to school and start these courses that have been taken from us to spread other ideals. Let civic education, research, political economy, and philosophy return. Young people will be our priority and they will have all the strength and support of a democratic government.
Castle in April
2021
Another proposal is to elect a constituent assembly to replace the 1993 constitution, inherited from the authoritarian regime of Alberto Fujimori, saying that "it serves to defend corruption on a macro scale."
In an interview with CNN, he said that if elected he would hold talks with multinational companies to ensure that "70% of the profits stay for the country and they take 30%, not the other way around as it is today".
Regarding mining
in Peru Castillo has said that
he supports the extraction of minerals throughout Peru "where nature and
the population allow it" and that he appreciates the international
investment in these projects. He has also
called for stricter regulation of the media in Peru. Some analysts have
compared and described him as the "Peruvian Evo Morales" referring to the former Bolivian president.
Before becoming president, Castillo went so far as to affirm that the Government of Nicolás Maduro is democratic as there is an " opposition Congress ". And that it is the Venezuelans themselves who must solve the problem of their country without the interference of third parties. Later, he refused to qualify the Venezuelan government.
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